4/5/2023 0 Comments Microsynth primers![]() Yet, none of these techniques grant spatially resolved optical feedback over the mechanical state of the glue components. Existing methods to investigate the fatigue and fracture of adhesives cover visual inspection, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, mass spectrometry (MS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and contact angle measurements. While OFPs have thus been successfully employed to investigate damage in both synthetic and biomacromolecular materials, the failure of adhesives surprisingly has not yet been examined using OFPs. Thereby, OFPs contribute to the development of approaches for materials with improved properties. The advent of high-resolution microscopy techniques in materials science even enables us to follow macroscopic material damage down to the sub-micrometer scale. Upon force application, OFPs undergo conformational, configurational, or constitutional bond isomerization reactions thus altering their optical properties in absorption, fluorescence, or chemiluminescence. Similar concepts can be found in the field of mechanobiology as well. In the field of polymer mechanochemistry OFPs allow the optical visualization and monitoring of mechanically induced events on different length scales within various material systems ranging from traditional thermosets and thermoplastics to proteins. Cases consisting of multiple failure models in realistic scenarios complicate this situation even further. Yet, in practice, it is difficult to predict or detect where and how a glue will fail using traditional methods, for example, as specific cohesive failure within the glue or near the adhesive substrate–glue interface. Therefore, a continuous improvement of glue performance is necessary but presupposes the mechanistic understanding of the inevitable gluing failure. These complex environments of application require the development of glues with similarly diverse properties. Glues are widely used in both industry and biomedicine for applications from object bonding over crevices sealing to tissue repair and drug delivery. By fluorescence spectroscopy in solution and in the solid state and by fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy, stress concentrations are visualized and adhesive and cohesive failure in the fracture zone is differentiated. The OFPs are designed to efficiently modulate Förster resonance energy transfer upon force application thereby reporting on force-induced molecular alterations independent of concentration and fluorescence intensity both spectrally and through their fluorescence lifetime. Here, the development of a series of ratiometric OFPs based on fluorescent-protein–dye and protein–protein conjugates and their incorporation into genetically engineered bio-glues is reported. Optical force probes (OFPs) allow the observation of mechanical material damage in polymers from the macro- down to the microscale, yet have never been employed in glues. The improvement of gluing performance is hence important for the development of new glues with better and balanced property spaces, which in turn necessitates a mechanistic understanding of their mechanical failure. Glues are being used to bond, seal, and repair in industry and biomedicine. ![]()
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |